Objective To evaluate the effect of rodent control by bromadiolone in the plague epidemic area, provide basic data for rodent control and plague prevention. Methods In Yulong county, Gucheng district,Jianchuan county and Heqing county residential area and cultivated land in two habitats, 0.005% wheat bait was prepared with 0.5% bromadiolone and applied to project area of the plague epidemic area and non-epidemic area of the control during April to May 2017. Results The killing effect of plague epidemic residential area was 77.67%-100%, cultivated land 88.89%-100%; In control of non-epidemic residential area, killing effect was 88.48%-100%, cultivated 85.72%-97.74%. As to the same habitat in epidemic area and non-epidemic area in different counties, there were no statistical differences in the efficacy of different habitats in 4 counties and cities( χ ²=0.800, 0.863, P > 0.05). Two kinds of experimental design methods were used to calculate the effect of residential area and cultivated land, and there was no statistical significance ( χ ²=1.507, 0.050, P > 0.05). Conclusion In Yunnan provincial residential area and wild animal habitats, bromadiolone still has good effect as poison baits. In the process of plague epidemic disposal, the population density of rats can be effectively reduced, and the spread of plague epidemic can be prevented. It can be utilized in control of commensal and wild rodents to prevent the two types of plague epidemics.